What body makes up the Legislative Branch of the U.S. government?

The Legislative Branch of the U.S. government is composed of two main bodies: the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together make up the United States Congress. This structure is established by the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article I, which outlines the powers and responsibilities of the legislative branch.

The purpose of the Legislative Branch is to make laws, control federal spending, approve treaties, and declare war, among other responsibilities. Each body plays a crucial role; the House of Representatives is larger and reflects the population of the states, while the Senate provides equal representation, with two senators from each state regardless of size. This bicameral structure is designed to balance the interests of different states and to prevent any one group from gaining too much power in the legislative process.

The other options listed refer to different branches or functions of the government: the Supreme Court is part of the judicial branch, responsible for interpreting laws; the President's Cabinet consists of the heads of various executive departments who advise the President; and the Federal Reserve is a central banking system that manages monetary policy. Each of these plays important roles in governance but does not comprise the Legislative Branch.