Which document is often referred to as the supreme law of the land?

The Constitution is referred to as the supreme law of the land because it establishes the framework for the federal government and defines its powers and limitations. It serves as the foundational legal document in the United States, meaning that any laws or actions taken by state or federal entities must conform to its principles and provisions.

The Constitution outlines the roles of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and includes the necessary checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Its supremacy is emphasized by the Supremacy Clause, found in Article VI, which asserts that the Constitution takes precedence over any conflicting state laws or constitutions.

While the Declaration of Independence is a crucial historical document that articulates the philosophical foundations of American government, it does not serve as a governing legal framework. The Bill of Rights, which comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, specifically outlines individual rights and protections against government overreach but does not establish the structure of government itself. The Federalist Papers are a collection of writings that advocate for the ratification of the Constitution and explain its principles; however, they are not legal documents that govern the nation. Thus, the Constitution stands as the ultimate authority in U.S. law.